… will summarize the primary virulence factors involved in NE … not alpha toxin, is an essential
virulence factor for NE in broiler chickens using plc- and netB-deletion mutants of the virulent …

… diseases, for example human food poisoning or necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens [5, 6]. …
it was believed that alpha toxin was the key virulence factor in necrotic enteritis caused by C. …

… main virulence factor to induce necrotic enteritis in broiler chicken is alpha toxin production.
… ], who declared that alpha toxin may not be an essential factor in NE development in broiler …

… forming toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens and has been shown to play a key role
in avian necrotic enteritis, a disease causing significant costs to the poultry production industry …

… of alpha toxin in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in combination with other virulence
factors of C. … to be the only major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in …

… , we present an overview of the key virulence factors of C. … enterocolitis, and chicken necrotic
enteritis. We then review the … is no significant difference between the level of alpha toxin …

… of Clostridium perfringens isolated from necrotic enteritis in … produce the alpha toxin, and
to a lesser extent, type C strains, … of this new virulence factor, the presence of netB gene in C. …

… Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP), has been reported in a wide
… In addition to alphatoxin, other virulence factors such as NetB toxin, FBA, PFOR, and EF-Tu …

… Alpha toxin is lethal and haemolytic having essential role in … isolates from necrotic enteritis
outbreaks in broiler chicken … with avian necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens. …

… from suspected cases of necrotic enteritis in broilers. The result … Alpha toxin is one of the
most important lethal, hemolytic, … perfringens, is considered to be the major virulence factor and …